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A linguistic glimpse into the martial arts of Fuzhou
To gain deeper insights into the origins of karate, it is essential to look more closely toward China. Over the years, there has been continuous bilateral exchange among martial artists and groups. However, scholarly research—particularly the analysis of primary and secondary sources regarding cultural exchange between the Chinese Empire and the Ryūkyū Kingdom in relation Continue reading
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The blog as a book
Karate’s history is richer and more complex than popular narratives often suggest. Based on this blog, Investigations into the history of karate (Lulu, 2025) brings together a diverse collection of essays that explore the art’s overlooked figures, pivotal moments, and forgotten contexts. From the pioneers of Hanashiro Chōmo and Yabu Kentsū to the appearance of karate Continue reading
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Karate footage from 1938/9
Recently, I came across the TV documentary Japan – A Living Travel Book. Sponsored by the Japan Society for International Cultural Relations, the film was likely produced in 1938 by James Farquharson Leys (1901–1999), a Canadian author, historian, and radio broadcaster. A Living Travel Book is a documentary that portrays Japan in the late 1930s. It offers Continue reading
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When Kōdōkan integrated karate into its curriculum
Kanō Jigorō (嘉納治五郎, 1860–1938) undertook a visit to Okinawa and Kyūshū in 1927. Although no photographs of the trip are known to exist today—indeed, the Kōdōkan Archives has no record of any—it was prominently documented in the Kōdōkan publication Sakkō, No. 3 (1927), which featured a detailed account of Kanō’s stay. Interestingly, just two issues Continue reading
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Karate in a propaganda film of 1945
Historical footage of karate is exceedingly rare. Nevertheless, there are indeed pre-World War II recordings that offer brief but valuable insights into karate as it existed in a particular place and time. One such example is the American propaganda film Know Your Enemy: Japan, which was released on August 9, 1945—shortly before the war’s end—and Continue reading
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Anecdote about “hidden warrior” Hanashiro Chōmo
Hanashiro Chōmo (1869–1945) played a significant role in the development of modern karate. Despite his importance, he remains underrepresented in historical discourse. Fortunately, several written sources preserve his legacy. I recently came across one such example in the 1997 publication 沖縄の昔面影 Okinawa no mukashi omokage (Remnants of Old Okinawa), in which the author, Kinjō Kazuhiko Continue reading
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Book review: The Seven Innermost Techniques of Toyama Kanken
Tōyama Kanken (1888–1966) was a prominent figure in karate, having trained under masters such as Itosu Ankō (1831–1915) and Higaonna Kanryō (1853–1915). He founded the Shūdōkan dōjō in Tōkyō in 1930 and was instrumental in teaching and spreading karate in Japan. Despite his contributions, he remains less well known than contemporaries such as Funakoshi Gichin Continue reading
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The Crown Prince’s overseas tour diary (1924)
The visit of Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito 裕仁 (1901–1989) to Shuri marks a historically significant event, particularly remembered within the karate community. On 6 March 1921, His Highness attended a karate demonstration led by Funakoshi Gichin 船越義珍 (1868–1957). Though brief, the visit is documented through various scattered reports. Just two days later, on 8 March Continue reading
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Kōdōkan karate “pioneer“ Iwabuchi Makoto
As early as August 1908, Kanō Jigorō 嘉納治五郎 (1860–1938), founder of the Kōdōkan, observed a group of Okinawan middle school students demonstrating karate during the Youth Bujutsu Exhibition at the Kyōto Butoku Kai. Several years later, in April 1911, he invited a small group of third-year students from the Okinawa Prefectural Normal School—then visiting Tōkyō—to perform their Continue reading
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Annotated bibliography of Funakoshi Gichin
I am pleased that my new book is finally available: “An Annotated Bibliography of Funakoshi Gichin. Including a list of selected books and articles“ (Lulu, 2025). Considered by many to be the father of modern karatedō, Funakoshi Gichin (1868–1957) is undoubtedly one of the most important pioneers of modern karate, both as a martial art Continue reading
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Investigations into the history of karate 